Securing The Future: Nuclear Security Challenges in Fusion Energy

Abstract

The pursuit of nuclear fusion as a sustainable energy source has numerous advantages, including minimal greenhouse gas emissions, abundant fuel supply, and the potential to provide a safe and reliable energy alternative. However, the transition from theoretical concepts to practical applications presents significant challenges, especially as it relates to nuclear security. This paper explores the intersection of fusion and security considerations, defining nuclear security, and highlighting the distinct challenges associated with fusion energy. Key security issues include the control and accountability of tritium, a critical fuel component, as well as facility security against sabotage and the risk of cyberattacks on fusion systems. Furthermore, this paper examines the legal and regulatory gaps that may hinder effective governance and the complexities of knowledge management within the context of dual-use technology. International coordination is also a vital factor to advance fusion development in a safe and secure manner.